All processes
PRC.04 · Construction Process

Ventilated Pitched Roof

A ventilated roof doesn't just keep water out: it keeps summer heat out and winter moisture away, letting a thread of air run beneath the tiles — from eave to ridge, all year round.

Air gap
5–10 cm
Ventilation
eave → ridge
Covering
tiles or pantiles
Lifespan
50+ years

Overview

TAV. 00

The ventilated pitched roof is a double-skin roof: beneath the tile covering runs a continuous air gap that, by the stack effect, enters cool at the eave and rises to the ridge. In summer it carries away the heat the sun pours onto the tiles, so the attic stays liveable; in winter it clears moisture and keeps the insulation dry, so it performs as specified and lasts. It is the reference roof of good contemporary building: protected insulation, a longer-lived covering, no hidden condensation.

The site score

TAV. H
Deck and vapour checkNOT TO SCALE1 of 5 layers in place

The detail of the craftthe continuous vapour check

ASSITOPASSAGGIOfreno vaporerisvoltato e nastrato
01Days 1–2

The deck and the airtight layer

Lay the boarding on the roof structure and roll out the vapour check on the warm side, with taped joints and upstands at walls and penetrations.

Why it is done this wayThe vapour check is the warm-side seal: it stops household moisture migrating into the insulation and condensing under the cold covering. If it is continuous and sealed, the air gap above only has to shed heat, not vapour. Airtightness is made now: once the insulation is in, it can no longer be recovered.
Sd ≥ 2 m · vapour check, warm side100% · joints tapedassito · flat and dry
In handtapes and primerstaple gunlevel
dry deck before closing upno laying in the rain
The mistake that costs dearlyA vapour check pierced by penetrations (flues, pipes) and left without upstands: vapour finds its way in, condenses in the insulation and rots it from within — invisible until the stain appears on the ceiling.
Site supervision checkContinuity of the vapour check (taping, upstands at walls and every penetration); flatness and moisture of the deck; boarding grade.
You lose the roof at the vapour check, not at the tiles: one open joint there and in January the insulation drips on you.site notebook — editorial synthesis
The beats — with site daysbeat 1 of 5

click a beat · arrow keys ← → walk the site · dashed pauses are the chemistry at work

The roof's engine

The stack effect, uphill

TAV. G1

Cool air enters at the eave, warms under the tiles and rises to the ridge on its own: no fan, just physics. In summer it removes heat, in winter moisture.

GRONDA · l'aria fresca entraCOLMO · l'aria calda esceCAMERA D'ARIA

Schematic section, not to scale. The recommended ventilation section (of the order of 550–800 cm² per metre of eave, per UNI 9460) must be checked case by case against pitch length and slope.

The two skins

Why two water barriers

TAV. G2

The covering is the first skin: it stops almost all the water. The breathable membrane is the second: it catches the little that gets through and drains it, but lets the insulation's vapour rise into the gap.

PIOGGIAMANTO · prima pelleMEMBRANA TRASPIRANTE · seconda pellela goccia rara scivola sulla membranail vapore dell'isolante esce in alto

The membrane is not a luxury: it is what keeps the roof “ventilated” even on a day of driving rain, when a little water always gets past the covering.

How it ages (and what betrays it)

TAV. P
CONDENSA NASCOSTAA discontinuous vapour check (phase 01): household moisture enters the insulation and condenses under the cold covering. The insulation rots from within and the stain appears on the ceiling years later.
CAMERA STROZZATAA crosswise batten or insulation bulging into the gap (phase 04): the air won't draw, and the ventilated roof heats up like an ordinary one.
COLMO TAPPATOEave or ridge sealed with full mortar (phase 05): ventilation stops, and heat and condensation stagnate under the tiles.
TELO AL CONTRARIOMembrane overlapped upslope or without upstands (phase 03): the joint acts as a funnel and water gets in exactly where the covering is not enough.
TEGOLE CHE VOLANOAn unfixed covering in a windy zone (phase 05): gusts that lift and break the tiles at edges and ridge.

Questions from the site

TAV. Q
Do I need ventilation if I already have good insulation?

Yes: the insulation stops the heat, but the air gap removes it before it enters and keeps the insulation dry. Without it, the insulation performs worse in summer and lasts less.

How tall should the air gap be?

Usually 5–10 cm, more on long or shallow pitches. What matters most is that it stays continuous and clear from eave to ridge: the minimum section is sized per UNI 9460, described here in its logic, not reproduced.

What's the difference between a ventilated and a micro-ventilated roof?

The micro-ventilated roof has only the under-tile batten (a few centimetres): it dries the covering but does not remove the insulation's heat. The truly ventilated roof has the air gap above the insulation, with an eave inlet and a ridge outlet.

Does it also work on a hollow-tile concrete slab?

Yes: instead of the timber deck you start from the slab, in the same order — vapour check, insulation, breathable membrane and double battening above to form the gap.

Materials involved

TAV. M