All processes
PRC.57 · Construction Process

Temporary Works and Site Enclosures in Timber

Temporary works are the one construction on site that nobody draws and everybody walks through. They exist to protect people and finished work, and they are almost always assembled from offcuts by whichever crew has the least time. Treating them as a construction — with a drawing, a check and someone responsible — costs little and changes the number of accidents.

Nature of the works
temporary in duration, not in the checks required
Governing constraint
wind on continuous solid surfaces
Commonest error
assembling them from offcuts with no drawing
End of life
planned dismantling and reuse, not demolition

Overview

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The process covers hoardings, edge protection, opening covers, pedestrian routes and protection of existing finishes built from timber panels, from planning alongside the programme through to dismantling and reuse. The logic holding the phases together is that temporary works are not an accessory to the site but a time-limited part of it: they have an erection date, a dismantling date, a design load and a person answerable for their condition. The governing constraint is almost always wind, because a solid hoarding is a continuous surface that no self weight can hold down. The recurring defects — overturning, displaced opening covers, guardrails on inadequate supports — all come from the same cause: something temporary treated as something improvised.

The site score

TAV. H
NOT TO SCALE0 of 5 layers in place

The detail of the craftFour data for every arrangement

APPRESTAMENTODOVEDA / ACARICOCHI RISPONDESENZA LA QUARTA RIGA NON SI SMONTA MAI
01Week 1

Plan the temporary works with the programme

Every arrangement gets a record sheet with four data: where it is, from when to when, what load it has to carry and who answers for it. The sheet is built by reading the works programme, because protection is needed at the moment the risk arises, not when there is time to build it. In the same step it is decided what is bought, what is hired and what is built from panels, and the store is identified where sound panels will return at the end of the contract.

Why it is done this wayAn arrangement with no dismantling date is never dismantled: it stays, degrades, and at some point becomes protection that protects only in appearance. The end date is the one piece of information that turns an abandoned object into a managed element.
4 · data per arrangement1 · named responsible person for each2 · mandatory dates: erection and dismantling
In handWorks programmeUp-to-date site layout planArrangement record sheetsPanel store registerLocal wind data
Every protection dated before the operation that creates the risk, not after
The mistake that costs dearlyTreating temporary works as a lump-sum item to be sorted out on site. The result is always the same: they go up late, made from whatever is left over, and nobody can say who last checked them.
Site supervision checkAsk for the list of arrangements with erection and dismantling dates and check that each has a responsible person by name, not a generic crew.
Preparation of record sheets for the temporary arrangements stating location, service period, design loads and responsible person, coordinated with the works programme and the safety plan.site notebook — editorial synthesis
The beats — with site daysbeat 1 of 5
24-48 hoursCuring of the chemical anchors before fitting the solid panels, which turn the frame into a wind-exposed surface.
7 daysCuring of the pours that will receive edge protection anchors: an anchor in a fresh pour is not an anchorage.

click a beat · arrow keys ← → walk the site · dashed pauses are the chemistry at work

PLATE 01

A solid hoarding is a wall of wind

TAV. G1

Mesh lets air through and takes almost no load. A continuous panel takes it all, and its self weight is far too low to resist it: stability comes entirely from ballast and anchorages.

A — RETEil vento attraversa: la spinta è modestaB — PANNELLO CIECOZAVORRAil vento spinge: la stabilità viene solo dalla zavorraARCHITHECA — PRC.57

The diagram illustrates the logic of the problem. Design actions, ballast quantities and stability checks are to be taken from the design, the safety plan and the applicable standards.

PLATE 02

The three protections that cannot be improvised

TAV. G2

Edge, opening and route are the three points where badly made temporary works cause immediate harm. In all three the defect is not the absence of protection but its fixing: something that shifts without anyone noticing.

TRE PUNTI, UN SOLO DIFETTO RICORRENTE01 IL BORDOancorato a un supporto maturo02 IL VANOvincolato e marcato, non appoggiato03 IL PERCORSOcontinuo, illuminato, separato dai mezziARCHITHECA — PRC.57

The diagram illustrates the three cases in their logic. Sizing, heights and performance requirements are to be taken from the safety plan and the applicable standards.

How it ages (and what betrays it)

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PT.01Overturning of a solid hoarding. The continuous surface collects the whole wind thrust and discharges it at the feet, where the self weight of the timber is not enough to resist. Failure normally happens during the most intense event of the season and towards the side with fewest obstacles, that is almost always towards the public realm.
PT.02Displaced opening cover. The panel laid over a riser or slab void is removed by whoever has to work there and not replaced, or it slides under a lateral load. It is the defect with the most serious consequences and at the same time the cheapest to prevent, because a restraint and a piece of lettering are enough.
PT.03Temporary guardrail on an inadequate support. An anchor made into fresh screed, newly raised masonry or an unconnected panel holds during installation and fails under a dynamic load applied weeks later, when nobody connects the failure to the choice of support any more.
PT.04Panel degradation from prolonged exposure. The cut edges of OSB absorb water and swell irreversibly, the panel starts to delaminate and loses its ability to hold screws. Because the object was already classed as temporary, nobody observes the degradation after erection.
PT.05Damage to finishes caused by the protection itself. A panel laid without felt on a finished floor traps dust and drags it with every passage, uniformly scratching the whole protected surface. The defect emerges on removal, that is at handover, when there is no time left to put it right.

Questions from the site

TAV. Q
OSB or plywood for outdoor temporary works?

It depends how long the job lasts. OSB costs less and is perfectly good for short periods and sheltered positions; plywood with a moisture-resistant glue line handles wetting cycles far better and pays on long contracts, where the cost of the panel is spread over several reuses. The criterion is not the purchase price but the number of times the panel will come back to the store.

How long does an OSB panel last outdoors?

Much less than the site expects, and degradation starts at the cut edges, not on the faces. One season outdoors with unprotected edges is already enough to produce swelling and the beginning of delamination. Sealing the cuts and capping the top of the hoarding with a flashing extends panel life far more than any coating of the faces.

Does a site hoarding really need a drawing?

It needs at least a sketch with position, height, ballast type and anchorage points. This is not bureaucracy: it is the only way the erecting crew knows how many ballast units are required, and the only way someone inspecting later can count them. A hoarding with no sketch gets built from whatever is on hand, and nobody can say whether it is enough.

Can formwork panels be reused as hoarding?

Yes, and it is good practice, but with two caveats. The first is that a panel coming off the formwork is soaked in release agent and does not take paint or adhesive signage well. The second is that each one has to be checked individually: a panel that has already worked in bending under a pour may have internal delamination that is invisible at the surface.

Materials involved

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