Conglomerate where a percentage of natural aggregates is replaced by recycled aggregates from Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste, reducing the environmental impact of stone extraction.
Recycled aggregate morphology: the presence of old adhered mortar increases water absorption requiring specific superplasticiser additives.
The construction sector generates about a third of all waste in Europe. The use of concrete compliant with Minimum Environmental Criteria (CAM) turns waste into a resource, triggering the circular economy on site.
Recycled aggregates are obtained by treating inert waste from Construction and Demolition (C&D). The industrial process involves crushing, de-ironing and screening. The resulting material, classified as End of Waste, partially replaces naturally quarried gravel and crushed stone.
The use of recycled aggregates alters the mix's rheological performance. The presence of old mortar adhering to the stone grains increases porosity, water absorption and hygrometric shrinkage. For this reason, NTC 2018 limits substitution for structural concrete to maximum percentages ranging from 20% to 30% for ordinary classes, requiring carefully balanced mix designs.
European and international references applicable.
In Italy, the Decree of 23 June 2022 makes a minimum content of recovered/recycled material (at least 5% by total weight) mandatory for all concretes used in public works.
Cleaning blinding, screeds, sub-bases and road fills (up to 100% recycled).
Curbs, gutters, infill masonry blocks and noise barriers.
PRC.39 · Open the processSchools, hospitals and offices where Green Public Procurement (GPP) is mandatory.
Allowed in controlled percentages (20-30%) according to required strength class.
PRC.38 · Open the processEmbodied CO2 per m3 of C30/37 concrete (A1-A3). The Italian CAM Decree of June 2022 makes a minimum 5% recycled content mandatory for all concrete in public works. Using 30% recycled aggregates (NTC 2018 structural limit) cuts CO2 by 21%, equivalent to removing approximately 1 car trip per cubic metre poured.
Informational links to the regulatory framework. Always verify the current text on the official source.
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