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PRC.09 · Construction Process

Screed and Underfloor Heating

Underfloor heating is not judged the day it warms up: it is judged the day the screed cracks — and by then it is already under two centimetres of tile.

Flow temperature
30–35 °C
Cover over pipe
≥ 3 cm
Perimeter strip
≥ 8 mm
Before flooring
commissioning cycle

Overview

TAV. 00

Underfloor heating warms by low-temperature radiation: water at 30–35 °C instead of 70, even comfort and no visible radiators. But it moves all the difficulty onto the screed, which becomes a technical element: it must bury the pipes with no voids, expand freely when heated, and cure completely before being covered. Every shortcut in those three things is paid for with a crack — and a crack in a heated screed is not cosmetic: it is a pipe working in shear.

The site score

TAV. H
The beats — with site daysbeat 1 of 5
21–28 days + cyclecuring and commissioning

click a beat · arrow keys ← → walk the site · dashed pauses are the chemistry at work

NOT TO SCALE1 of 5 layers in placeStructural slab

The detail of the craftroom to expand

the screed pushes when heatedBAND ≥ 8 mm · compressibleSLAB
01Day 1

The base and the perimeter strip

Cleaning the slab, checking levels and fitting the compressible strip along every wall, column and threshold.

Why it is done this wayA heated screed expands: it goes from 15 to 30 degrees and grows a few millimetres per metre. If it meets the wall, it pushes — and what gives way is the screed itself, which cracks. The perimeter strip is the room you leave it to move: it costs almost nothing and it is the first thing to be skipped, or trimmed flush too early.
≥ 8 mm · strip thickness100% · perimeter, thresholds includeddopo la posa · when it is trimmed
In handlaser levelvacuumutility knife
slab dry and clean
The mistake that costs dearlyPerimeter strip missing behind thresholds, or already trimmed flush: as it heats, the screed pushes against the masonry and cracks in the same place every time — diagonally at door corners.
Site supervision checkContinuity of the strip around the whole perimeter, columns and thresholds included; height above the finished screed; slab clean and flat.
You trim the strip after the flooring, never before: cut it now and you've thrown away its whole job.site notebook — editorial synthesis

Why it cracks

The screed with nowhere to go

TAV. G1

A heated screed grows a few millimetres per metre. With a perimeter strip and joints it moves and comes back; wedged between walls, the only way it can make room is to break.

WITH STRIP · expands, returnsthe strip compresses, the screed stays wholeNO STRIP · it breaksno room: the crack is the room it takesIt also holds for oversized bays: the longer the side, the greater the movement to absorb.

This is why the strip is trimmed only after the floor is laid, and screed joints must be carried through the finish: if the flooring bridges them, the crack travels through the tiles.

The time you cannot compress

Thirty days before the floor

TAV. G2

This is the phase where the site looks idle and is in fact working: the screed cures, then the commissioning cycle makes it perform all its thermal movements, and only afterwards does the instrument say whether it is ready.

POURCURINGCYCLEMEASURE → LAY21–28 days · the screed driesstepped rise, hold, descentscreed movements: first free, then guided, finally spentLaying earlier means bonding the floor to a screed that is still moving.

The times given are orders of magnitude: the governing value is always the measured residual moisture, which depends on thickness, binder type and season.

How it ages (and what betrays it)

TAV. P
FESSURA IN DIAGONALEPerimeter strip missing or already trimmed (phase 01): as it heats, the screed pushes against the walls and opens diagonally from door corners.
ISOLANTE SCHIACCIATOA board with insufficient compressive strength (phase 02): the screed loses uniform support and the crack follows the line where the insulation gave way.
TUBO FERITOPressure released before the pour (phase 03): wheelbarrow damage stays invisible until the floor is laid, when the leak appears in the flat below.
PAVIMENTO A RIGHECover below spec or voids beneath the pipes (phase 04): heat arrives in stripes, you feel the pipes underfoot and the screed cracks over them.
COLLANTE CHE MOLLALaying without the commissioning cycle or a moisture reading (phase 05): residual moisture evaporates under the finish and the floor debonds or cups.

Questions from the site

TAV. Q
Can I put parquet over underfloor heating?

Yes, but with constraints: stable species and limited thickness, fully bonded laying, and the commissioning cycle is mandatory. Wood insulates more than tile, so output drops: that must be allowed for in the design, not discovered afterwards.

How thick is the build-up in a refurbishment?

Traditional systems need 8–12 cm; low-profile systems of 2–4 cm exist, using high-performance insulation. They cost more and have less inertia — heating up faster but cooling faster too — so they need more responsive controls.

Can the commissioning cycle be skipped in summer?

No: it is not there to heat the house but to make the screed complete its thermal movements before a floor is glued on top. It is run even in August, and it must be recorded — that record protects everyone if something cracks later.

Can the same system cool in summer?

Yes, by circulating cool water, but with a physical limit: if the surface falls below dew point, condensation forms on the floor. That requires humidity control and dehumidification, otherwise you risk a wet, slippery floor.

Materials involved

TAV. M
MAT.75/98E
Expanded Synthetic Polymers
EPS — Expanded Polystyrene
MAT.41/64A
Silica Aerogel
Aerogel
MAT.08/31C
Conglomerate
Concrete
MAT.32/55M
Thin Continuous Coating
Microcement
MAT.33/56E
Thermosetting Resin
Epoxy Resin

Stratigraphy

TAV. S
↑ OuterInner ↓
Floor finish
Tile, microcement or resin
Covering screed
Flowing or additive-modified traditional
Heating pipes
Pipe on studded panel
Insulation
Controlled compression, with vapour barrier
Structural slab
Clean, flat, free of debris

Advantages

TAV. V
  • Even warmth from below: no cold zones, no radiators
  • Low temperature: ideal for heat pumps and solar
  • Fewer convective currents, less dust lifted
  • Free walls: nothing taking up space under the windows
  • In summer the same circuit can cool, with the right controls